Poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus significantly enhances postoperative chemoresistance in patients with stage III colon cancer

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis for disease-free survival and overall survival

Variables	DFS				OS
	HR (95%CI)1	P value1	HR (95%CI)2	P value2	HR (95%CI)1	P value1	HR (95%CI)2	P value2
Age (≥ 60/< 60), years	1.092 (0.771-1.451)	0.551			1.083 (0.689-1.337)	0.384
Gender (male/female)	1.208 (0.669-1.391	0.804			1.221 (0.773-1.502)	0.448
BMI > 24 kg/m2 (present/absent)	1.122 (0.983-1.304)	0.37			1.141 (0.725-1.408)	0.283
History of DM (present/absent)	1.178 (0.694-1.303)	0.327			0.933 (0.791-1.273)	0.739
History of smoke (present/absent)	1.228 (0.993-1.401)	0.225			1.204 (1.033-1.471)	0.131
History of drinking (present/absent)	1.198 (0.989-1.377)	0.336			1.331 (1.085-1.503)	0.106
Hypertension (present/absent)	0.942 (0.793-1.228)	0.601			1.076 (0.880-1.202)	0.441
Cardiovascular disease (present/absent)	1.213 (1.004-1.381)	0.201			1.118 (0.969-1.307)	0.116
CEA (≥ 5/< 5), μg/mL	1.896 (2.231-3.884)	< 0.001	2.031 (1.990-3.551)	0.014	1.974 (1.771-3.025)	< 0.001	1.894 (1.575-2.928)	0.006
CA19-9 (≥ 37/< 37), ng/mL	1.552 (1.383-2.452)	0.017	1.714 (1.508-2.839)	0.021	1.692 (1.493-2.921)	0.032	1.554 (1.399-2.680)	0.041
T stage (4/3)	1.708 (1.620-2.337)	0.015	1.599 (1.483-2.091)	0.044	1.801 (1.674-2.395)	0.009	1.869 (1.503-2.061)	0.029
N stage (2/1)	2.088 (1.854-2.827)	< 0.001	1.880 (1.769-2.557)	0.007	1.822 (1.701-2.223)	0.015	1.777 (1.582-2.330)	0.033
Tumor location (RCC/LCC)	1.695 (1.503-2.241)	0.025	1.597 (1.415-1.998)	0.038	1.839 (1.696-2.377)	0.018	1.683 (1.503-2.117)	0.040
Tumor size (≥ 4.5/< 4.5), cm	2.035 (1.897-2.730)	0.006	1.885 (1.747-2.381)	0.023	1.920 (1.593-2.409)	0.009	1.803 (1.544-2.019)	0.024
Tumor differentiation (PD/MD)	2.913 (1.954-3.409)	< 0.001	2.447 (2.019-2.927)	0.013	1.899 (1.704-2.988)	< 0.001	1.901 (1.695-2.723)	0.018
Vascular invasion (present/absent)	2.189 (1.655-3.231)	< 0.001	2.033 (1.779-2.968)	0.008	1.909 (1.664-2.817)	0.023	1.872 (1.553-2.482)	0.041
Perineural invasion (present/absent)	1.689 (1.347-2.086)	0.030	1.607 (1.306-1.997)	0.039	1.822 (1.606-2.571)	0.008	1.749 (1.500-2.288)	0.036
FPG (≥ 7/< 7), mmol/L	2.829 (2.235-4.026)	< 0.001	2.684 (2.107-3.941)	< 0.001	2.316 (1.994-3.561)	0.002	2.105 (1.890-2.961)	0.019
HbA1c (≥ 7/< 7), %	2.667 (2.403-3.559)	< 0.001	2.344 (2.101-3.285)	0.006	2.258 (2.009-2.891)	0.0012	2.119 (1.943-3.007)	0.021

¹Univariate analysis.

²Multivariate analysis.

DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 199; LCC: Left-side colon cancer; RCC: Right-side colon cancer; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin.