Association between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and diseases of the exocrine pancreas: A narrative review

Figure 3 Therapeutic mechanism of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in intrapancreatic fat deposition. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists potentially mitigate intrapancreatic fat deposition and its complications by modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and downstream apoptosis signaling. In contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors exert therapeutic effects by regulating adipokines - such as reducing tumor necrosis factor-α levels and enhancing adiponectin production - and by modulating intracellular lipid droplet content. IPFD: Intrapancreatic fat deposition; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.