Effect of sex on the outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia

Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics between male and female subgroups (year < 40)

Variables	Pre-POEM			Post-POEM
	Group 1: Male, year < 40 (n = 111)	Group 4: Female, year < 40 (n = 96)	P value	Group 1: Male, year < 40 (n = 111)	Group 4: Female, year < 40 (n = 96)	P value
Eckardt scores
Dysphagia			0.744			0.772
0	0	1		54	44
1	9	9		49	48
2	17	17		4	2
3	85	69		4	2
Regurgitation			0.535			0.722
0	13	10		78	71
1	25	30		29	24
2	34	24		2	0
3	39	32		2	1
Chest pain			0.394			0.147
0	54	36		78	59
1	39	43		31	37
2	12	10		1	0
3	6	7		1	0
Weight loss			0.450			0.665
0	19	22		109	93
1	19	14		2	3
2	30	31		0	0
3	43	29		0	0
Total Eckardt scores (median IQR)	7.17 (6, 9)	6.99 (5, 9)	0.411	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	0.611
Chicago classification	n = 97	n = 82	0.370	n = 97	n = 82	0.370
1	17	10		17	10
2	73	69		73	69
3	7	3		7	3
HRM (median IQR)
LESP, mmHg (median IQR)	29.5 (20.7, 38.5)	32.0 (22.8, 40.7)	0.252	13.8 (8.1, 18.5)	11.8 (8.1, 21.7)	0.889
IRP, mmHg (median IQR)	24.1 (17.9, 31.4)	26.1 (19.4, 33.8)	0.168	6.4 (5.2, 12.4)	10.0 (5.3, 16.6)	0.452
Length of LES, cm (median IQR)	2.5 (2.0, 3.0)	2.6 (2.0, 3.2)	0.351	1.9 (1.9, 2.6)	1.7 (1.4, 2.4)	0.374
Iodipin column, mm (median IQR)
Height	93.3 (65.1, 127.5)	88.8 (52.1, 156.5)	0.692	54.8 (44.6, 92.4)	46.4 (17.5, 94.3)	0.745
Diameter	49.1 (36.2, 59.7)	41.1 (31.4, 53.6)	0.746	28.6 (21.8, 44.5)	21.0 (10.9, 30.2)	0.230

IQR: Interquartile range; POEM: Peroral endoscopic myotomy; HRM: High-resolution manometry; LESP: Lower esophageal sphincter pressure; IRP: Integrated relaxation pressure; LES: Lower esophageal sphincter.