Effect of sex on the outcomes of peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia

Table 2 Comparison of pre-peroral endoscopic myotomy and post-peroral endoscopic myotomy clinical characteristics between male and female subgroups

Variables	Pre-POEM			Post-POEM
	Male (n = 238)	Female (n = 288)	P value	Male (n = 238)	Female (n = 288)	P value
Eckardt scores
Dysphagia			0.237			0.407
0	0	5		111	138
1	28	30		109	136
2	43	50		8	9
3	167	203		10	5
Regurgitation			0.734			0.858
0	34	44		158	196
1	53	62		69	82
2	77	82		9	9
3	74	100		2	1
Chest pain			0.008 (female > male)			0.052
0	132	120		181	197
1	74	112		54	90
2	24	34		2	1
3	8	22		1	0
Weight loss			0.850			1.000
0	49	62		230	277
1	35	47		7	9
2	67	84		1	1
3	87	95		0	1
Total Eckardt scores (median IQR)	7 (5, 9)	7 (5, 9)	0.393	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	0.761
HRM
LESP, mmHg (median IQR)	27.6 (20.5, 36.5)	32.8 (23.6, 42.2)	< 0.001 (female > male)	14.0 (10.1, 18.4)	14.8 (10.3, 21.4)	0.296
IRP, mmHg (median IQR)	22.3 (16.7, 29.7)	25.5 (19.6, 33.1)	0.001 (female > male)	8.2 (5.4, 14.1)	11.1 (7.8, 15.4)	0.084
Length of LES, cm (median IQR)	2.5 (2.0, 3.0)	2.6 (2.0, 3.1)	0.631	2.0 (1.7, 2.3)	1.8 (1.5, 2.7)	0.648
Iodipin column, mm (median IQR)
Height	86.0 (58.4, 126.5)	97.5 (67.1, 148.6)	0.127	50.5 (33.1, 77.3)	57.3 (33.1, 94.6)	0.601
Diameter	48.5 (35.5, 65.2)	41.9 (30.9, 53.1)	0.012 (female > male)	27.5 (16.1, 29.3)	24.6 (17.4, 34.0)	0.627

IQR: Interquartile range; POEM: Peroral endoscopic myotomy; HRM: High-resolution manometry; LESP: Lower esophageal sphincter pressure; IRP: Integrated relaxation pressure; LES: Lower esophageal sphincter.