Epstein-Barr virus infection is an independent risk factor for surgery in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis

Table 5 Univariate logistic analysis and multivariate logistic analysis in the subgroup (n = 138)

	Univariate logistic analysis		Multivariate logistic analysis
	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)
Sex	0.451	1.364 (0.609, 3.059)
Age (year)	0.004a	1.045 (1.014, 1.076)	0.009a	1.067 (1.017-1.120)
Disease course (month)	0.134	1.005 (0.999, 1.011)
History of surgery	0.912	0.944 (0.344, 2.593)
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors	0.117	2.000 (0.840, 4.762)
History of malignant tumor	0.051	4.690 (0.993, 22.156)
Fever	0.000a	6.375 (2.659, 15.286)	0.705	1.366 (0.272-6.854)
Extraintestinal manifestations	0.281	1.905 (0.590, 6.146)
Intestinal stenosis	0.055	2.872 (0.977, 8.445)
UCEIS ≥ 5	0.208	1.659 (0.755, 3.644)
EBER positivity	0.000a	10.000 (3.155, 31.692)	0.027a	6.698 (1.243-36.083)
Fungal infection	0.013a	3.562 (1.303, 9.739)	0.050	5.092 (1.001-25.914)
WBC count (× 109/L)	0.534	0.962 (0.850, 1.088)
Hemoglobin (g/L)	0.000a	0.964 (0.945, 0.983)	0.057	0.963 (0.927-1.001)
Platelet count (× 109/L)	0.379	0.998 (0.995, 1.002)
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	0.000a	1.023 (1.011, 1.035)	0.043a	1.022 (1.001-1.044)
ESR (mm/hour)	0.040a	1.017 (1.001, 1.033)	0.392	0.988 (0.960-1.016)
Albumin (g/L)	0.000a	0.858 (0.804, 0.916)	0.060	0.867 (0.747-1.006)
Prealbumin (g/L)	0.004a	0.990 (0.984, 0.997)	0.124	1.013 (0.997-1.029)
Treatment with ≥ 3 types of immunosuppressive drugs before admission	0.000a	7.881 (2.889, 21.502)	0.000a	27.158 (5.515-133.724)
Antibiotic therapy with third-generation cephalosporins or more advanced antibiotics during admission	0.007a	4.645 (1.521, 14.185)	0.907	1.098 (0.229-5.261)

^aP < 0.05.

UCEIS: Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity; EBER: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA; WBC: White blood cell; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; OR: Odds ratio.