Epstein-Barr virus infection is an independent risk factor for surgery in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i16.104758

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 28, 2025; 31(16): 104758
Published online Apr 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i16.104758

Table 1 Comparison of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (surgery vs control group), n (%)

	Surgery group (n = 47)	Control group (n = 106)	P value
Sex			0.486
Male	29 (61.7)	59 (55.7)
Female	18 (38.3)	47 (44.3)
Age (year)	59 (47, 64)	47 (33, 59)	0.001^a
Diseases course (month)	36 (12, 96)	28 (12, 84)	0.673
Smoking history	1 (2.1)	8 (7.5)	0.346
History of surgery	8 (17)	20 (18.9)	0.785
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors	14 (29.8)	21 (19.8)	0.175
History of malignant tumor	4 (8.5)	3 (2.8)	0.202
Fever	23 (48.9)	15 (14.2)	0.000^a
Complication	0 (0.0)	6 (5.7)	0.178
Extraintestinal manifestations	6 (12.8)	9 (8.5)	0.599
Intestinal stenosis	8 (17)	9 (8.5)	0.121
UCEIS ≥ 5	20 (42.6)	41 (38.7)	0.652
Nancy index ≥ 3	47 (100)	100 (94.3)	0.178
EBER positivity	19 (40.4)	5 (4.7)	0.000^a
High EBER concentration	7 (14.9)	0 (0.0)	0.000^a
Low EBER concentration	12 (25.5)	5 (4.7)	0.000^a
Single EBV infection	11 (23.4)	5 (4.7)	0.001^a
CMV positivity	14 (29.8)	1 (0.9)	0.000^a
CMV high-grade infection	2 (4.3)	0 (0.0)	0.093
CMV low-grade infection	12 (25.5)	1 (0.9)	0.000^a
Single CMV infection	6 (12.8)	1 (0.9)	0.004^a
Combined infection of EBV and CMV	8 (17.0)	0 (0.0)	0.000^a
Fungal infection	12 (25.5)	10 (9.4)	0.009^a
WBC count ( 10⁹/L)	6.49 (4.85, 8.64)	7.16 (5.76, 9.07)	0.158
Hemoglobin (g/L)	102 ± 21	118 ± 21	0.000^a
Platelet count ( 10⁹/L)	254 (196, 324)	289 (234, 383)	0.069
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	39.6 (15.6, 78.4)	5.5 (1.2, 20.1)	0.000^a
ESR (mm/hour)	34 (15, 59)	24 (10, 38)	0.010^a
Albumin (g/L)	30.4 (24.5, 34.9)	38.6 (33.5, 42.1)	0.000^a
Prealbumin (g/L)	138.6 ± 72.1	173.9 ± 60.8	0.002^a
Treatment with ≥ 3 types of immunosuppressive drugs before admission	17 (36.2)	8 (7.5)	0.000^a
Antibiotic therapy with third-generation cephalosporins or more advanced antibiotics during admission	42 (89.4)	64 (60.4)	0.000^a

^aP < 0.05.

UCEIS: Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity; EBER: Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; WBC: White blood cell; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Citation: Zhang H, Gu X, He W, Zhao SL, Cao ZJ. Epstein-Barr virus infection is an independent risk factor for surgery in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(16): 104758
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i16/104758.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i16.104758