Predictive models and clinical manifestations of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with cirrhosis: Prospective comparative study

Table 3 Univariable logistic regression analysis for the predictors of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation in patients with cirrhosis

Variables	Univariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value
Sex, male	0.475 (0.277-0.812)	0.007
Age, years	0.957 (0.934-0.981)	< 0.001
Weight, kg	0.979 (0.961-0.998)	0.027
BMI, kg/m2	0.946 (0.893-1.003)	0.064
Hepatitis B	0.472 (0.292-0.762)	0.002
Autoimmune hepatitis	2.776 (1.234-6.244)	0.014
Hypertension	0.347 (0.190-0.634)	< 0.001
Diabetes	0.434 (0.242-0.776)	0.005
Liver cancer	0.532 (0.329-0.858)	0.010
Ascites	2.196 (1.291-3.738)	0.004
Hepatic encephalopathy	1.756 (1.060-2.907)	0.029
Palmar erythema	1.822 (1.026-3.236)	0.040
MELD score	1.018 (1.007-1.028)	< 0.001
Child-Pugh classification
I
II	4.352 (2.269-8.345)	< 0.001
III	7.559 (3.554-16.078)	< 0.001
Decompensated stage	2.798 (1.486-5.269)	0.001
PH	12245 (13-11971501)	0.007
P(A-a)O2	1.028 (1.008-1.048)	0.006
PaCO2	0.915 (0.870-0.962)	< 0.001
HGB, g/L	0.974 (0.964-0.983)	< 0.001
Platelet count, × 109/L	0.991 (0.986-0.996)	< 0.001
Neutrophil count, × 109/L	0.942 (0.855-1.038)	0.228
Lymphocyte count, × 109/L	0.472 (0.291-0.766)	0.002
SII	1.000 (0.999-1.000)	0.136
Albumin, g/L	0.880 (0.838-0.923)	< 0.001
DBIL, μmol/L	1.004 (1.001-1.007)	0.006
Glucose, mg/dL	0.870 (0.754-1.003)	0.055
INR	6.529 (2.710-15.729)	< 0.001
D-dimer, mg/L	1.000 (1.000-1.001)	0.346
Prothrombin time, seconds	1.164 (1.074-1.261)	< 0.001
Prothrombin time activity, %	0.953 (0.938-0.968)	< 0.001
Cardiac output, L/minute	1.251 (1.059-1.478)	0.009
Effective ejection fraction, %	1.140 (1.028-1.264)	0.013
Cardiac index, L/minute/m²	1.525 (1.128-2.061)	0.006
S1P, pg/mL	0.992 (0.986-0.997)	0.005
Angiopoietin-2, pg/mL	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	< 0.001
VWF, ng/mL	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.556
sE-selectin, ng/mL	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.909
ICAM-1, ng/mL	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.089
PDGF-BB, pg/mL	0.992 (0.988-0.997)	< 0.001
TNF alpha, pg/mL	0.996 (0.982-1.011)	0.600
VCAM-1, ng/mL	1.000 (1.000-1.000)	0.257
VEGF-A, pg/mL	1.001 (1.000-1.001)	0.195

CI: Confidence interval; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; HGB: Hemoglobin; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; OR: Odds ratio; P(A-a)O₂: Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; PaCO₂: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; PDGF-BB: Platelet-derived growth factor BB; PH: Potential of hydrogen; S1P: Sphingosine 1 phosphate; SII: Systemic inflammation index calculated as (neutrophil count × platelet count)/lymphocyte count; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A; vWF: Von Willebrand factor.