Multi-omics reveals the associations among the fecal metabolome, intestinal bacteria, and serum indicators in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 3 Alterations of the ecological structure of the intestinal bacteria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. A: Assessment of α-diversity within fecal samples sourced from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; B: Visualization of unweighted UniFrac principal component analysis scores through a scatter plot; C: Scatter plot of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis of the metabolic profiling of each group; D: Construction of a hierarchical clustering dendrogram utilizing the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean. PCoA: Principal component analysis; HCC12: Comprising patients with stage I and II hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC34: Comprising patients with stage III and IV hepatocellular carcinoma; ACE: Abundance-based coverage estimator; PLS-DA: Partial least squares discriminant analysis; HC: Healthy control.