Prognostic scoring system using inflammation- and nutrition-related biomarkers to predict prognosis in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients

Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics, n (%)

Characteristic	Overall, n = 470	Training cohort, n = 282	Test cohort, n = 188	P value
Gender				0.283
Male	279 (59.4)	173 (61.3)	106 (56.4)
Female	191 (40.6)	109 (38.7)	82 (43.6)
Age, years				0.404
≤ 60	209 (44.5)	121 (42.9)	88 (46.8)
> 60	261 (55.5)	161 (57.1)	100 (53.2)
BMI, kg/m2				0.762
≤ 24	216 (46.0)	128 (45.4)	88 (46.8)
> 24	254 (54.0)	154 (54.6)	100 (53.2)
Smoking				0.419
Yes	150 (31.9)	94 (33.3)	56 (29.8)
No	320 (68.1)	188 (66.7)	132 (70.2)
Alcohol				0.113
Yes	89 (18.9)	60 (21.3)	29 (15.4)
No	381 (81.1)	222 (78.7)	159 (84.6)
CEA				0.639
Normal	299 (63.6)	177 (62.8)	122 (64.9)
High	171 (36.4)	105 (37.2)	66 (35.1)
Gross appearance				0.741
Bulge	139 (29.6)	85 (30.1)	54 (28.7)
Infiltration or ulcer	331 (70.4)	197 (69.9)	134 (71.3)
Histological type				0.418
Adenocarcinoma	437 (93.0)	260 (92.2)	177 (94.1)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell cancer	33 (7.0)	22 (7.8)	11 (5.9)
Nerve invasion				0.883
Negative	386 (82.1)	231 (81.9)	155 (82.4)
Positive	84 (17.9)	51 (18.1)	33 (17.6)
Intravascular tumor emboli				0.846
Negative	383 (81.5)	229 (81.2)	154 (81.9)
Positive	87 (18.5)	53 (18.8)	34 (18.1)
T stage				0.221
T1-T2	104 (22.1)	57 (20.2)	47 (25.0)
T3-T4	366 (77.9)	225 (79.8)	141 (75.0)
N stage				0.506
N0-N1	394 (83.8)	239 (84.8)	155 (82.4)
N2-N3	76 (16.2)	43 (15.2)	33 (17.6)
TNM stage				0.298
I-II	284 (60.4)	165 (58.5)	119 (63.3)
III	186 (39.6)	117 (41.5)	69 (36.7)
Differentiated degree				0.176
Well/moderate	73 (15.5)	49 (17.4)	24 (12.8)
Poor/undifferentiated	397 (84.5)	233 (82.6)	164 (87.2)
NLR median (IQR)	2.00 (1.50, 2.69)	2.03 (1.51, 2.82)	1.96 (1.49, 2.56)	0.333
MLR median (IQR)	0.24 (0.19, 0.33)	0.25 (0.20, 0.33)	0.24 (0.19, 0.31)	0.342
PLR median (IQR)	131.32 (101.58, 173.39)	130 (101, 175)	132 (103, 173)	0.905
ALI median (IQR)	486.92 (371.72, 673.36)	486 (366, 674)	492 (378, 669)	0.499
PIV median (IQR)	210.31 (135.42, 334.68)	220 (137, 337)	204 (130, 333)	0.403
SII median (IQR)	473.60 (330.39, 703.21)	474 (333, 712)	472 (326, 680)	0.732
SIRI median (IQR)	0.86 (0.59, 1.34)	0.88 (0.61, 1.40)	0.81 (0.57, 1.25)	0.171
PNI median (IQR)	50.20 (46.86, 52.94)	49.9 (46.8, 53.0)	50.4 (47.0, 52.8)	0.486
GNRI median (IQR)	106.50 (100.81, 112.72)	106 (100, 113)	107 (101, 113)	0.630
AGR median (IQR)	1.49 (1.33, 1.68)	1.49 (1.32, 1.72)	1.49 (1.34, 1.65)	0.975

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MLR: Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; ALI: Advanced lung cancer inflammation index; PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation; SII: Systemic immune inflammation index; SIRI: Systemic Inflammation Response Index; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index; GNRI: Geriatric nutrition risk index; AGR: Albumin to globulin ratio.