Noninvasive prediction of esophagogastric varices in hepatitis B: An extreme gradient boosting model based on ultrasound and serology

Table 2 Data in training cohort, mean ± SD

Index	Total	Low risk	High risk	P value
Liver stiffness	13.2 ± 5.3	13.2 ± 5.9	13.3 ± 4.2	0.33
Spv speed	35.5 ± 9.3	36.4 ± 9.2	34.1 ± 9.3	0.026
Platelet count	131.3 ± 64.7	128.0 ± 73.2	136.1 ± 49.2	0.048
Model for end-stage liver disease	30.3 ± 1.8	30.5 ± 2.0	30.0 ± 1.5	0.25
Creatinine	76.2 ± 29.6	76.9 ± 36.8	75.2 ± 12.8	0.018
Alanine aminotransferase	36.4 ± 34.6	40.0 ± 42.8	30.8 ± 14.1	0.88
Aspartate aminotransferase	44.7 ± 53.3	43.8 ± 49.7	46.1 ± 58.5	0.25
Total bilirubin	30.7 ± 34.2	28.3 ± 37.1	34.3 ± 29.2	< 0.001
Direct bilirubin	16.4 ± 27.6	14.5 ± 29.4	19.1 ± 24.5	< 0.001
Indirect bilirubin	14.3 ± 8.9	13.8 ± 9.8	14.9 ± 7.4	0.042
Alkaline phosphatase	105.2 ± 53.1	101.3 ± 50.0	111.1 ± 57.3	0.37
Red blood cell count	4.3 ± 0.8	4.3 ± 0.9	4.2 ± 0.7	0.82
White blood cell count	5.3 ± 1.9	5.4 ± 2.1	5.3 ± 1.7	0.67
Age	53.6 ± 12.4	52.3 ± 13.7	55.6 ± 10.0	0.025
Spleen stiffness	15.2 ± 4.9	13.7 ± 4.5	17.3 ± 4.7	< 0.001
pv	1.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	0.16
pvspeed	27.2 ± 6.6	28.0 ± 6.8	26.0 ± 6.1	0.03
splong	13.3 ± 2.5	13.6 ± 2.8	12.9 ± 2.0	0.11
spwide	4.7 ± 0.9	4.5 ± 0.9	4.8 ± 0.9	0.012
spv	0.8 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.2	0.016
Prothrombin time	15.7 ± 3.4	15.5 ± 3.2	17.8 ± 3.6	0.032
Albumin	40.0 ± 8.9	40.7 ± 8.9	25.13 ± 6.5	0.015
International normalized ratio	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.3 ± 0.4	0.25
Sex, n (%)
Female	67 (27.0)	26 (17.4)	41 (41.4)	< 0.001
Male	181 (73.0)	123 (82.6)	58 (58.6)	-
Child–Pugh class, n (%)
1	131 (52.8)	71 (47.7)	60 (60.6)	0.025
2	100 (40.3)	70 (47.0)	30 (30.3)	-
3	17 (6.9)	8 (5.4)	9 (9.1)	-
Collateral, n (%)
No	196 (79.0)	120 (80.5)	76 (76.8)	0.53
Yes	52 (21.0)	29 (19.5)	23 (23.2)	-

Spv speed: Spleen vein speed; pv: Portal vein; pvspeed: Portal vein speed; splong: Spleen length; spwide: Spleen width; spv: Splenic vein; EGV: Esophagogastric varices.