Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to metabolic dysfunction and associated steatotic liver disease: A large cross-sectional study

Figure 1 Associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and body mass index. The χ² test revealed significant differences in Helicobacter pylori infection rates across body mass index (BMI) groups [χ² (3) = 44.65, P < 0.001]. Cramer’s V = 0.04 (95%CI: 0.02-0.05) suggested a weak association. The Bayesian factor [log(BF₀₁) = −10.08] strongly supported the alternative hypothesis. BMI categories: < 18 kg/m² (underweight), 18-23.9 kg/m² (normal weight), 24-27.9 kg/m² (overweight), ≥ 28 kg/m² (obese). Hp: Helicobacter pylori.