Perirenal fat area is a preoperative predictor of hypertension resolution after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Generalized additive models

Table 4 Patients with lower perirenal fat area have higher rates of hypertension resolution after surgery, n (%)

	PrFA < 18 cm2	PrFA ≥ 18 cm2	P value	adjOR (95%CI)	adjP value
Patients number	69	69
Age	33.2 ± 10.1	33.9 ± 7.9	0.673
Gender
Male	23.2 (16)	84.1 (58)
Female	76.8 (53)	15.9 (11)	< 0.001
Obesity duration (years)	7.8 ± 8	5.9 ± 5.9	0.114
NAFLD	61 (88.4)	64 (92.8)	0.382
OSAHS	49 (71)	51 (73.9)	0.703
SBP (mmHg)	154.3 ± 12.4	153.5 ± 12.1	0.709
DBP (mmHg)	95.5 ± 12.9	95.7 ± 12.9	0.937
BMI (kg/m2)	40.8 ± 7.3	44.9 ± 7.2	0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	123.4 ± 14.8	135.1 ± 14.8	< 0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	129.7 ± 13.9	134.3 ± 15.2	0.064
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.952 ± 0.064	1.008 ± 0.057	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	6.8 ± 1.5	6.6 ± 1.1	0.520
HOMA-IR	11.7 ± 8.3	12.9 ± 9	0.425
ALT/AST	0.7 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.2	0.058
Creatinine (μmol/L)	62.2 ± 22.9	70.9 ± 21	0.021
Uric acid (μmol/L)	373.6 ± 146	438.1 ± 136.5	0.008
Sodium (mmol/L)	137.4 ± 9	137.2 ± 14.6	0.924
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	2.4 ± 2.5	2.3 ± 2.1	0.809
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.6 ± 1.3	4.7 ± 1	0.643
HDL-CH (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.3	0.311
LDL-CH (mmol/L)	2.8 ± 1	3 ± 0.8	0.204
Renin	40.4 ± 72.7	35.6 ± 63.6	0.677
Angiotensin II	47.1 ± 24	38.3 ± 15.3	0.011
Aldosterone	11.8 ± 8	12.8 ± 9.1	0.476
Cortisol at 8:00 am (nmol/L)	320.9 ± 140.7	319.5 ± 117.9	0.949
PrFA (cm2)	11.6 ± 4	31.5 ± 10.8	< 0.001
Visceral fat area (cm2)	149.5 ± 57.4	276.2 ± 86.6	< 0.001
Total fat area (cm2)	528.3 ± 183.3	655.6 ± 147.2	< 0.001
Postoperative resolution of hypertension	60 (87)	47 (68.1)	0.008	3.513 (1.367-9.902)	0.012

Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using covariates such as preoperative systolic blood pressure to recognize the correlation of grouping and hypertension resolution. Data are expressed by quantity (rate) or mean ± SD. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; OSAHS: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; HDL-CH: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-CH: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PrFA: Perirenal fat area.