Randomized study of Lacticaseibacillus fermented milk in Indonesian elderly houses: Impact on gut microbiota and gut environment

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)

	Placebo (n = 54)	Probiotic (n = 56)
Participant type, resident/staff	31 (57.4)/23 (42.6)	34 (60.7)/22 (39.3)
Age, median (IQR), year	65.0 (47.0-61.7)	65.5 (50.8-61.7)
Height, mean ± SD, cm	153.8 ± 10.6	155.0 ± 9.8
Weight, median (IQR), kg	53.9 (41.6-64.6)	52.4 (41.8-66.6)
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2	22.6 (19.0-25.7)	22.3 (18.6-26.1)
Sex, male/female	15 (27.8)/39 (72.2)	18 (32.1)/38 (67.9)
Nutrient intake, mean ± SD, day
Energy, mean ± SD, kcal	893.30 ± 154.37	901.39 ± 154.51
Water, mean ± SD, g	696.86 ± 134.93	735.78 ± 154.77
Protein, mean ± SD, g	42.28 ± 10.11	41.60 ± 10.31
Fat, mean ± SD, g	38.50 ± 9.03	39.40 ± 10.44
Carbohydrate, mean ± SD, g	95.23 ± 20.55	96.00 ± 15.83
Dietary fiber, mean ± SD, g	5.25 ± 1.93	5.55 ± 1.86
Alcohol, mean ± SD, g	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.01
Polyunsaturated fatty acid, mean ± SD, g	6.87 ± 2.00	7.37 ± 2.56
Cholesterol, mean ± SD, mg	190.50 ± 85.76	202.28 ± 92.92
Vitamin A, mean ± SD, μg	563.72 ± 344.67	536.09 ± 273.61
Carotene, mean ± SD, mg	0.08 ± 0.11	0.09 ± 0.12
Vitamin E, mean ± SD, mg	2.75 ± 0.83	2.81 ± 0.86
Vitamin B1, mean ± SD, mg	0.45 ± 0.15	0.44 ± 0.14
Vitamin B2, mean ± SD, mg	0.52 ± 0.16	0.54 ± 0.15
Vitamin B6, mean ± SD, mg	0.72 ± 0.20	0.74 ± 0.22
Folic acid, mean ± SD, μg	109.34 ± 38.93	110.76 ± 35.88
Vitamin C, mean ± SD, mg	30.02 ± 24.76	30.48 ± 25.23
Sodium, mean ± SD, mg	392.78 ± 375.76	312.71 ± 287.12
Potassium, mean ± SD, mg	1030.62 ± 998.85	919.93 ± 267.01
Calcium, mean ± SD, mg	211.76 ± 96.06	221.41 ± 90.79
Magnesium, mean ± SD, mg	167.40 ± 107.23	159.73 ± 36.73
Phosphorus, mean ± SD, mg	483.79 ± 132.22	469.54 ± 106.26
Iron, mean ± SD, mg	6.02 ± 2.99	5.74 ± 1.50
Zinc, mean ± SD, mg	4.22 ± 0.95	4.35 ± 0.99

IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index.