Characterization of gallbladder stones associated with occult pancreaticobiliary reflux using computed tomography

Figure 5 Predictive value of computed tomography imaging parameters for diagnosing occult pancreaticobiliary reflux. A: Forest plot of univariate logistic regression analysis for occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR), showing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for various clinical and imaging parameters; B: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluating the diagnostic performance of CT invisible stones for OPBR; C: ROC curve assessing the predictive ability of uniform stones in diagnosing OPBR; D: ROC curve illustrating the predictive value of overall stone density for OPBR detection; E: Multivariate logistic regression (Model-1) incorporating stone invisibility, stone density uniformity and overall stone density; F: Multivariate logistic regression (Model-2) including age as an additional factor. The overall predictive accuracy improved; G: ROC curves comparing the diagnostic performance of Model-1 and Model-2, demonstrating the enhanced predictive value when age was included. AUC: Area under the curve; FFA: Free fatty acid.