NMDAR2B/PKA/CREB signaling pathway contributes to esophageal neuropathic pain in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Figure 12  Expression of mRNA for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the distal esophageal mucosa among different groups of rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.001, model group vs control group. ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, model + N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist group, model + NMDAR antagonist group, model + protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist group vs model group. ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, model + NMDAR antagonist + PKA agonist group vs model + NMDAR antagonist group. NR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PKA: Protein kinase A; SP: Substance P; CGRP: Calcitonin gene-related peptide.