NMDAR2B/PKA/CREB signaling pathway contributes to esophageal neuropathic pain in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Figure 11  Expression of mRNA for N-methyl-D-aspartate pathway-related proteins in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord among different groups of rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.01, ^bP < 0.001, model group vs control group. ^cP < 0.01, ^dP < 0.001, model + N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist group, model + NMDAR antagonist group, model + protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist group vs model group. ^eP < 0.001, model + NMDAR antagonist + PKA agonist group vs model + NMDAR antagonist group. NR/NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; PKA: Protein kinase A.