Impact of poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus on chemoresistance in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Mechanisms of chemoresistance in hyperglycaemia

Ref.	Mechanism of chemoresistance
Ikemura and Hashida[23]	Decreased sensitivity and faster total body clearance of 5-FU and oxaliplatin
Biernacka et al[25]	Lower apoptosis-inducing effects of docetaxel because of higher IGFBP2 production
Ma et al[11]	Decrease the effects of 5-FU by increasing DNA replication and attenuating 5-FU-induced cell death
Yang et al[12]	Increased phosphorylation of SMAD3 and MYC proteins, subsequently resulting in enhanced expression of EHMT2, which exacerbates oxaliplatin resistance

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; IGFB2: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2; EHMT2: Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2.