Trichostatin A augments cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through BRD4/c-Myc endoplasmic reticulum-stress pathway

Figure 2 Trichostatin A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress. A: Western blot shows after trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and activating transcription factor 6 levels increased. These show that TSA can promote ER stress in esophageal cancer cells; B: Representative images of the migration of Eca109 and EC9706 cells treated with TSA combined with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) from Transwell assays. The statistical results show that TSA enhanced cell migration reversed by 4-PBA in the Transwell migration assay; C: Western blot shows after TSA combined with 4-PBA, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker E-cadherin level increased, vimentin, β-catenin levels deceased. Cell counts are for the corresponding assays of at least five random microscope fields (100 magnification). n = 5, P vs control. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. Bar is 50 μm. TSA: Trichostatin A; 4-PBA: 4-phenylbutyric acid; GRP78: Glucose-regulated protein 78; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; ATF6: Activating transcription factor 6.