Apatinib regulates the glycolysis of vascular endothelial cells through PI3K/AKT/PFKFB3 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 3 Apatinib suppresses glycolytic activity in vascular endothelial cells. A: Investigation of the effects of varying concentrations of apatinib on the expression levels of key glycolytic enzymes in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) using Western blotting; B: Evaluation of the impact of different concentrations of apatinib on the expression levels of key glycolytic enzymes in VECs through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; C: Assessment of the impact of different concentrations of apatinib on glucose uptake, pyruvate generation, lactate production, and adenosine triphosphate generation during glycolysis in VECs; D: Examination of the impact of varying apatinib concentrations on extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate in VECs. ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. Apa: Apatinib; PFKL: Phosphofructokinase liver type; ALDOA: Aldolase A; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PGK1: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PGAM: Phosphoglycerate mutase; ENO: Enolase; PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2; LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase A; NS: Not significant; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; ECAR: Extracellular acidification rate; OCR: Oxygen consumption rate.