Apatinib regulates the glycolysis of vascular endothelial cells through PI3K/AKT/PFKFB3 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 2 Increased proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells due to high glycolysis vascular endothelial cells. A: Expression levels of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells; B: Expression levels of key glycolytic enzymes in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; C: Schematic diagram of co-culture of VECs with liver cancer cells; D: Cell Counting Kit-8 proliferation assay of HCCLM3 and PLC/PRF/5 liver cancer cells; E: Transwell experiment of HCCLM3 and PLC/PRF/5. ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. PFKFB3: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3; OE: Overexpression; HK2: Hexokinase 2; CPI: Cyclopropyl isomerase; PFKL: Phosphofructokinase liver type; ALDOA: Aldolase A; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; PGK1: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PGAM: Phosphoglycerate mutase; ENO: Enolase; PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2; LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase A.