Lactococcus garvieae aggravates cholestatic liver disease by increasing intestinal permeability and enhancing bile acid reabsorption

Figure 2 Lactococcus garvieae colonization aggravates 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-induced cholestatic cholangitis. A: Experimental flow chart; B: Representative images of liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (original magnification, 100 × in the left panels and 200 × in the right panels; scale bars, 100 µm); C: Changes in body weight following the diet switch and Lactococcus garvieae treatment; D: Serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase levels from each group are presented. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD; ^aP < 0.05 vs PBS group; ^bP < 0.01 vs PBS group; ^cP < 0.05 vs DDC + PBS group; DDC: 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; L. garv: Lactococcus garvieae; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Serum alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase.