Lactococcus garvieae aggravates cholestatic liver disease by increasing intestinal permeability and enhancing bile acid reabsorption

Figure 1 Lactococcus garvieae enrichment in the liver during cholestatic liver disease. A: Bacterial cultures from mouse liver homogenate smears after 2 weeks of feeding chow and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diets; B: The 16S V3-V4 sequencing results were subjected to BLAST to identify specific bacterial species; C: The heat map displays the relative abundance of various bacterial phyla in liver tissues of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and controls; D: At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus and Lactococcus in liver tissues of patients with PBC and controls; E: At the species level, the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus murinus and Lactococcus garvieae in liver tissues of patients with PBC and controls. PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; CK: Controls.