Kangfuxin solution alleviates esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A natural ingredient strategy

Figure 1 Kangfuxin solution treatment improved the esophageal stricture after full circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: The schematic graph shows the design of animal experiments (n = 4); pigs in each group were treated for 21 days with saline, Kangfuxin solution (KFX), and PDNN, respectively; B: The weight loss of pigs in each group; reduction in weight loss was observed post-treatment with KFX and PDNN (n = 4); C: Swallowing difficulty score for pigs in each group on day 21 post- endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (n = 4); after KFX and PDNN treatment, pigs showed improved tolerance to semi-liquid diets compared to the Control group; D: Representative digestive endoscopic images of esophageal artificial ulcers on the 7 and 21 days following full circumferential ESD (n = 4); E: Macroscopic observation of esophageal gross specimens (n = 4); F: Cartoon diagram measuring the length of the short axis at the narrowest part of the artificial esophageal ulcer and adjacent normal mucosa (n = 4); G: The histogram shows the esophageal stricture rate (n = 4). Data are presented as mean ± SE. ^aP < 0.001 vs the control group, ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; KFX: Kangfuxin solution; PDNN: Prednisolone.