Liver parasites: A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention

Table 3 Clinical features of nematodes

Parasite	Ref.	Global distribution	Host	Symptoms and complications	Diagnosis	Treatment
Ascaris Lumbricoides	de lima et al[21]; Ali et al[22]	Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, East Asia	Humans (transmitted by fecal oral route)	Anorexia, diarrhea, pneumonitis and, cholangitis, small bowel obstruction, intussusception	Stool microscopy (can be negative in early infection), CBC, sputum analysis, US, CT, ERCP	Albendazole 400 mg PO once, mebendazole 100 mg PO 12 hours for 3 days, ivermectin 150-200 μg/kg, laparotomy if bowel obstruction present

CBC: Complete blood count; CT: Computed tomography; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PO: Per oral; US: Ultrasound.