Laparoscopic liver resection utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava: A retrospective cohort study

Figure 8 Computed tomography image of the liver tumor and the surgical procedure of laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy. A: Computed tomography image of the liver tumor located S4 (arrow); B: Schematic of the surgical procedure, with labels 1, 2, and 3 representing the different surgical steps; C: Blunt dissection for exposing the avascular area in the retrohepatic tunnel; D: Splitting S1 on the surface of the inferior vena cava; E-H: Splitting the liver parenchyma along the surface of the inferior vena cava in a caudal to cranial direction to expose the root of the middle hepatic vein; I and J: Transection of short hepatic veins of the third hepatic hilum; K: Transection of left hepatic vein. MHV: Middle hepatic vein; LHV: Left hepatic vein; IVC: Inferior vena cava; SHV: Short hepatic vein.