Laparoscopic liver resection utilizing the ventral avascular area of the inferior vena cava: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Intraoperative data for patients in both groups, n (%)

	Overall (n = 256)	Conventional LLR (n = 150)	Novel LLR (n = 106)	P value
Tumor size, cm	5.03 ± 2.88	4.01 ± 2.33	6.47 ± 2.96	< 0.001
Tumor location	31 (12.1)	15 (10.0)	16 (15.1)	0.218
S II	23 (9.0)	12 (8.0)	11 (10.4)
S III	39 (15.2)	27 (18.0)	12 (11.3)
S IV	46 (18.0)	32 (21.3)	14 (13.2)
S V	37 (14.5)	19 (12.7)	18 (17.0)
S VI	33 (12.9)	18 (12.0)	15 (14.2)
S VII	36 (14.1)	22 (14.7)	14 (13.2)
S VIII	2 (0.8)	2 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
S II/III	9 (3.5)	3 (2.0)	6 (5.7)
Type of resection	48 (18.8)	36 (24.0)	12 (11.3)	0.051
S5 + S6 + S7 + S8	43 (16.8)	25 (16.7)	18 (17.0)
S2 + S3 + S4	38 (14.8)	22 (14.7)	16 (15.1)
S6 + S7	35 (13.7)	23 (15.3)	12 (11.3)
S6 + S7 + S5v + S8v	38 (14.8)	16 (10.7)	22 (20.8)
S7	27 (10.5)	16 (10.7)	11 (10.4)
S7 + S8	27 (10.5)	12 (8.0)	15 (14.2)
Operative time, minute	236.34 ± 81.08	262.33 ± 83.90	199.57 ± 60.37	< 0.001
Blood loss	298.57 ± 128.82	363.34 ± 131.27	206.92 ± 37.09	< 0.001
Number of lesions				0.165
1	251 (98.0)	145 (96.7)	106 (100.0)
2	3 (1.2)	3 (2.0)	0 (0.0)
3	2 (0.8)	2 (1.3)	0 (0.0)
Distance from major vessels				0.944
> 1 cm	189 (73.8)	110 (73.3)	79 (74.5)
< 1 cm	67 (26.2)	40 (26.7)	27 (25.5)
Distance from liver capsule				0.899
< 1 cm	128 (50.0)	76 (50.7)	52 (49.1)
> 1 cm	128 (50.0)	74 (49.3)	54 (50.9)
Preoperative resection volume, mL	297.81 ± 50.90	264.38 ± 31.98	345.11 ± 31.40	< 0.001
PRLV/TLV	30.58 ± 10.06	30.37 ± 10.21	30.87 ± 9.89	0.697
Minimum surgical margin width, mm	18.95 ± 6.33	18.96 ± 6.27	18.94 ± 6.45	0.984
Total pringle maneuver time, minute	44.93 ± 10.53	45.12 ± 10.49	44.67 ± 10.64	0.737
ICG staining method				0.887
None	176 (68.8)	104 (69.3)	72 (67.9)
Negative staining	52 (20.3)	29 (19.3)	23 (21.7)
Positive staining	28 (10.9)	17 (11.3)	11 (10.4)
Blood transfusion				0.761
No	253 (98.8)	149 (99.3)	104 (98.1)
Yes	3 (1.2)	1 (0.7)	2 (1.9)
R0 resection Y	256 (100.0)	150 (100.0)	106 (100.0)	NA

LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; PRLV/TLV: Preoperative resection volume/total liver volume; ICG: Indocyanine green; NA: Not available.