Staging liver fibrosis with various diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging models

Figure 4 The ability of the diffusion-weighted imaging -derived parameters and their combinations (diffusion-weighted imaging models) to detect significant fibrosis. Receiver operating characteristic curves for detecting significant fibrosis using diffusion-weighted imaging -derived parameters (A) and their combinations into full models (B). ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; IVIM-D: Intravoxel incoherent motion model-derived true diffusion coefficient; IVIM-D^*: Intravoxel incoherent motion model-derived pseudo-diffusion coefficient; IVIM-f: Intravoxel incoherent motion model-derived perfusion fraction; DKI-MD: Diffusion kurtosis imaging-derived apparent diffusivity; DKI-MK: Diffusion kurtosis imaging-derived excess kurtosis; SEM-DDC: Stretched exponential model-derived distributed diffusion coefficient; SEM-α: Stretched exponential model-derived intravoxel heterogeneity index; FROC-D: Fractional order calculus model-derived diffusion coefficient; FROC-β: Fractional order calculus model-derived fractional order parameter; FROC-μ: Fractional order calculus model-derived microstructural quantity; CTRW-D: Continuous-time random-walk model-derived anomalous diffusion coefficient; CTRW-α: Continuous-time random-walk model-derived temporal diffusion heterogeneity index; CTRW-β: Continuous-time random-walk model-derived spatial diffusion heterogeneity index; CTRW: Continuous-time random-walk; DKI: Diffusion kurtosis imaging; FROC: Fractional order calculus; IVIM: Intravoxel incoherent motion; SEM: Stretched exponential model.