Prediction, prevention and management of gastroesophageal reflux after per-oral endoscopic myotomy: An update

Table 1 Studies reporting the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux after per-oral endoscopic myotomy

Ref.	Country	n	GERD on pH analysis	Symptoms	Erosive esophagitis	PPI use
Kumbhari et al[6], 2017	Multicenter	282	57.8%	39.9%	Overall: 23.2%	38.6%
Modayil et al[12], 2021	United States	610	57.1%	20.5% (> 1/week)	Overall: 49.8%	74.7%
Nabi et al[11], 2020	India	209	47.9%	29.3%	Overall: 41.9%	NR
Shiwaku et al[7], 2022	Japan, Multicenter	2905	NR	15.9% (GERD Q > 7)	Overall: 64.9%. Severe (LA C and D): 7.5%	33.2%
Abu-Nuwar et al[17], 2022	United States	183	Objective GERD (pH/endoscopy): 50.5%	38.8%	-	NR
Simkova et al[67], 2023	Czech Republic	522	47.1%	32.6%	41.4%. Severe (LA C and D): 4.6%	52.1%

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; LA: Los Angeles; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; NR: Not reported.