Diseases of bile duct in children

Table 3 Disorders associated with nonsyndromic bile duct paucity in children[109,110]

Disease type	Cause
Metabolic and genetic disorders	Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
	Cystic fibrosis
	Peroxisomal disorders
	Niemann pick type C
	Kabuki syndrome (rare)
	Chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 17, 18, or 21) (rare)
Infections	Congenital cytomegalovirus, syphilis, and rubella infection
Inflammatory and immune disorders	Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
	Graft-versus-host disease
	Chronic hepatic allograft rejection
	Sclerosing cholangitis (primary or secondary)
	Biliary atresia (late)
Others	Drug- or antibiotic-associated vanishing bile duct syndrome
	Panhypopituitarism
	Idiopathic