Mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic immune and metabolic remodeling in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Figure 5 Macrophages were widely activated in the liver of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. A: Representative microscopic images of the double immunofluorescence staining of Ki67 and CD68 in the liver (400 fold). The red fluorescence signal represented Ki67; the green fluorescence signal represented CD68; and the blue fluorescence signal represented DAPI; B: Ki67 immunofluorescence intensity in the liver of healthy donors (n = 10) and patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (n = 12); C: CD68 immunofluorescence intensity in the liver; D: The mean number of Ki67⁺ CD68⁺-positive cells in five × 200 fields; E: Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 levels in liver homogenates. Data with normal distribution were compared using unpaired student’s t-test, and the Mann-Whitney test was used for non-normal data. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; HD: Healthy donor.