Prevalence and clinical impact of sarcopenia in liver transplant recipients: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Methods for measuring muscle mass	Definition of sarcopenia	Sample size (n)	Mean age (yr)	Male (%)	HCC (%)	BMI (Kg/m2)	Follow-up time	NOS
Kumar et al[2], 2020	India	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 52.4 cm2/m2 for male and < 38.5 cm2/m2 for female	115	46.30 ± 10.20	90.4	-	24.5 ± 4.3	90 d	7
Bhanji et al[8], 2019	United States	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 50 cm2/m2 in men and < 39 cm2/m2 in women	293	51.95 ± 11.00	70.3	30.4	27.51 ± 5.73	13	8
Shafaat et al[26], 2023	United States	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 50 cm2/m2 in men, < 39 cm2/m2 in women	454	57.00 ± 8.89	65.0	-	29.0 ± 5.7	11yr	9
Sim et al[27], 2022	Korea	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 39.9cm2/m2 in men, < 28.9 cm2/m2 in women	2816	53.00 ± 7.41	75.0	52.8	24.2 ± 3.1	7.8 yr	8
Prakash et al[28], 2022	India	CT: L4-PMTH	L4-PMTH < 1 mm/m for men and < 10.4 mm/m for women	51	46.40 ± 9.10	96.1	37.3	23.34 ± 5.1	-	7
Wu et al[29], 2021	Taiwan China	CT: L3-PMI	L3-PMI < 2.63 cm2/m2 for female	122	52.32 ± 7.98	55.0	24.6	24.83 ± 4.45	10 yr	8
Kuo et al[30], 2019	United States	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 48 cm2/m2 for men	126	53.00 ± 8.89	63.0	14.0	28 ± 6.67	10.6 yr	8
Golse et al[31] 2017	France	CT: L3-4 PMA	L3-4 PMA < 1464 mm2 in women and < 1561 mm2 in men	256	5.003 ± 10.50	76.6	40.0	25.3 ± 10.5	8 yr	8
Beumer et al[32], 2022	Multicenter international study	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 37 cm2/m2 for women with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or 42 cm2/m2 for women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and < 45 cm2/m2 for men with a BMI < 25 kg/ m2, or < 51 cm2/m2 for men with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	528	57.00 ± 9.00	86.0	100.0	26.67 ± 5.02	5 yr	8
Pinto Dos Santos et al[33], 2020	Germany	CT: L3-PSMI	L3-PSMI < 18.6 cm2/m2	368	56.80 ± 9.70	69.3	44.6	25.2 ± 4.37	10 yr	7
Izumi et al[34], 2017	Japan	CT: L3-PMI	L3-PMI < 612.5 mm2/m2 in men and < 442.9 mm2/m2 in women	47	54.00 ± 10.00	51.1	23.4	-	120 d	7
Hamaguchi et al[35], 2017	Japan	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 40.31 cm2/m2 in men and < 30.88 cm2/m2 in women	250	54.00 ± 14.07	44.8	33.0	22.7 ± 3.63	5 yr	8
Irwin et al[36], 2021	South Africa	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 39 cm2/m2 for women and < 50 cm2/m2 for men	106	-	60.4	-	-	1 yr	9
Tan et al[14], 2022	China	CT: L3-PMI	L3-PMI < 6.25 cm2/m2 for man	70	41.60 ± 9.70	100.0	-	22.9 ± 2.9	10 yr	8
Masuda et al[37], 2014	Japan	CT: L3-PMA	< 800 cm2 for men and < 380 cm2 for women	204	54.32 ± 9.60	50.49	-	23.6 ± 3.4	8 yr	7
Miarka et al[38], 2021	Poland	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 50 cm2/m2 for men and 39 cm2/m2 for women	98	55.00 ± 8.00	76.5	26.5	27 ± 4	1224 d	7
Montano-Loza et al[39], 2014	Canada	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI ≤ 41 cm2/m2 for women and ≤ 53 cm2/m2 for men with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and L3 SMI ≤ 43 cm2/m2 for patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m2	248	55.00 ± 1.00	68.0	39.0	27.19 ± 2.23	5 yr	9
Kalafateli et al[23], 2017	United Kingdom	CT: L3-PMI	L3-PMI < 340 mm2/m2 for men and < 264 mm2/m2 for women	232	54.00 ± 12.00	69.8	25.0	25 ± 6.43	1 yr	8
Czigany et al[40], 2020	Germany	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 50 cm2/m2 in men and < 39 cm2/m2 in women	225	54.00 ± 12.00	66.7	28.0	27 ± 5	90 d	8
Hey et al[41], 2022	Australia	DEXA: APLM	APLM < 7.26 kg/m2 for male and < 5.5 kg/m2 for female	469	55.00 ± 10.59	72.1	26.0	-	1 yr	8
Lindqvist et al[42], 2019	Sweden	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 43 cm2/m2 for men with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and < 53 cm2/m2 for BMI > 25 kg/m2 and < 41 cm2/m2 for women in all BMI ranges	53	57.00 ± 11.11	69.8	52.8	25.1 ± 5.3	1 yr	8
Riccardo et al[43], 2019	Japan	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 42 cm2/m2 for men and L3-SMI < 38 cm2/m2 for women	138	57.00 ± 13	56.5	-	24.8 ± 5	10 yr	8
Andrea et al[21], 2013	United States	CT: L3-4 SMI	L3-4 SMI ≤ 38.5 cm2/m2 for women and ≤ 52.4 cm2/m2 for men	338	55.00 ± 10.00	65.9	-	28 ± 6	1021.2 d	9
Young et al[44], 2018	Korea	CT: L3-PMTH	L3-PMTH < 15.5 mm/m	92	53.33 ± 5.75	67.4	100.0	24.17 ± 2.81	36 months	8
Hassan et al[45], 2022	Egypt	CT: L3-SMI	L3-SMI < 52.4 cm2/m2 for male and < 38.5 cm2/m2 for female	61	48.70 ± 12.50	75,4	-	23.9 ± 3.9	6 months	7

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; L3: The caudal end of the third lumbar vertebra; L3-SMI: Third lumbar-skeletal muscle index; PMA: The Area of the Psoas Muscle; PMTH: The psoas muscle thickness to height ratio; PSMI: Paraspinal muscle index; APLM: Appendicular lean mass; PMI: Psoas muscle index.