Muscle strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

Table 1 Studies fucus on the relationship between muscle strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Study design	Subjects	Sample size and gender [female; n (%)]	Mean age (yr)	Strength position/measures	Outcome
Gan et al[15], 2020	Cross-sectional study	General adults in China	3536 (71.3)	51.72 for participants without NAFLD/55.2 for participants with NAFLD	Handgrip strength (kg)/electronic hand dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Lee et al[16], 2018	Cross-sectional study	General adults in Korea	8001 (55.5)	49.9	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Kim et al[17], 2019	Cross-sectional study	Men aged ≥ 50 yr and postmenopausal women in Korea	4103 (53.8)	61.9 for men without NAFLD/59.5 for men with NAFLD/61.8 for women without NAFLD/62 for women with NAFLD	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Cho et al[18], 2021	Cross-sectional study	Middle-aged adults in Korea	5272 (68.2)	57.1	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Lee et al[19], 2022	Cross-sectional study	General adults in Korea	19852 (62.5)	45.8 for men/48.3 for women	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Debroy et al[20], 2019	Cross-sectional study	Adults living with HIV and receiving treatment in Italy	169 (0)	56.8	Handgrip strength (kg)/handheld dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Meng et al[21], 2016	Cross-sectional study	General adults in China	20957(49)	41.2	Handgrip strength (kg)/electronic hand-grip dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Bulur et al[22], 2023	Cross-sectional study	Middle-aged male patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus	145 (0)	55.2	hand muscle strength (kg)/hydraulic dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Wang et al[23], 2021	Cross-sectional study	Senior hospital staff in China	578 (84.1)	72.9 for men without NAFLD/68.9 for men with NAFLD/62.9 for women without NAFLD/67.5 for women with NAFLD	Handgrip strength (kg)/hydraulic hand dynamometer	Incidence of NAFLD
Petermann-Rocha et al[24], 2022	prospective study	General adults in Scotland, England and Wales	333295 (55)	56.6	Handgrip strength (kg)/hydraulic hand dynamometer	Incidence of severe NAFLD
Kang et al[25], 2020	Cross-sectional study	General adults in Korea	13502 (57.6)	45.6	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence and severity of NAFLD
Park et al[26], 2020	Cross-sectional study	General adults in the USA	3922 (58.1)	45 for men/46.9 for women	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence and severity of NAFLD
Zhao et al[27], 2023	Cross-sectional study	General adults in the USA	8888 (50.43)	46.07	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	Incidence and severity of NAFLD
Kim et al[28], 2023	Cross-sectional study	General adults with NAFLD in the USA	4655 (46.9)	48	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital grip strength dynamometer	All-cause and cause-specific mortality in NAFLD
Charatcharoenwitthaya et al[29], 2022	Observational study	General adults with NAFLD in the Thailand	7083 (69.4)	49.3	Handgrip strength (kg)/digital dynamometer	All-cause mortality in NAFLD

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.