Emerging role of exosomes in ulcerative colitis: Targeting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome

Table 2 Sources of exosomes and their roles in NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome regulation

Exosomes source	Pivotal molecules	Role of the exosomes	Ref.
Stem cell	miR-378a-5p	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[71]
Stem cell	miR-539-5p	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[72]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[73]
Stem cell	miR-17	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting TXNIP	[106]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by down-regulating ROS levels	[107]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting TLR4-NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis	[108]
Plasma	NA	Inhibiting pyroptosis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway	[109]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by promoting AMPK-dependent autophagic flux	[110]
Stem cell	circHIPK3	Inhibiting pyroptosis by down-regulating miR-421 to increase FOXO3A expression	[111]
Stem cell	miRNA Let-7	Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by down-regulating ROS levels	[112]
Stem cell	miR-188-3p	Targeting NLRP3	[113]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting the tumor suppressor Rb1-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome	[114]
Stem cell	NA	Inhibiting pyroptosis through the TLR4 pathway	[115]
Cancer cells	miR-21	Repressing PTEN and BRCC3 to facilitate NLRP3 phosphorylation	[116]
Stem cell	circ_003564	Attenuating inflammasome-related pyroptosis	[117]
Stem cell	miR-100-5p	Inhibiting the FOXO3A/NLRP3 pathway	[118]
Stem cell	miR-17-5p	Suppressing TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome	[119]
Pericyte	circEhmt1	Upregulating NFIA levels to suppress NLRP3-mediated inflammasome formation	[120]
B cells	miR-BART15	Targeting the miR-223 binding site in the NLRP3 3′-untranslated region	[121]
Stem cell	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[122]
Stem cell	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[123]
Stem cell	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[124]
Stem cell	NA	Regulating pyroptosis via the miR-146a-5p-TRAF6 axis	[125]
M2 macrophage	NA	Suppressing the ROS/NLRP3 pathway	[126]
Stem cell	NA	Attenuating inflammasome-related pyroptosis	[127]
Cancer cells	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[128]
Stem cell	miR-23b	Attenuating inflammasome-related pyroptosis	[129]
Stem cell	miR-223-3p	Targeting NLRP3	[130]
Stem cell	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[131]
Stem cell	NA	Modulating miR-126 via targeting HMGB1	[132]
Plasma	NA	Promoting the autophagic degradation of NLRP3	[133]
Stem cell	miR-223	Downregulating NLRP3 expression	[134]
Dendritic cell	NA	Downregulating NLRP3 expression	[135]
M2 macrophage	microRNA-148a	Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway	[136]
Salivary	miR-223-3p	Attenuating inflammasome-related pyroptosis	[137]
Neutrophils	miR-30d-5p	Upregulating NLRP3 expression through the NF-κB pathway	[138]
Cancer cells	TRIM59	Inducing the ubiquitination of ABHD5 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome activation	[139]
Epithelium cells	NA	Upregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome	[140]
Serum	NA	Activating the NLRP3 inflammasome	[141]
Plasma	NA	Triggering NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis	[142]
Plasma	NA	Triggering NLRP3 inflammasome	[143]
Plasma	NA	Activating the NLRP3 inflammasome	[144]
Serum	NA	Inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway	[145]
Plasma	miRNA-223	Inhibiting NLRP3	[146]
Renal tissues	NA	Suppressing NLRP3 activation	[147]

NA: Not available.