Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the risk and phenotypes of cholelithiasis: A multi-center study and meta-analysis

Table 1 The characteristics of participants

	Cholelithiasis group	Control group	P value
H. pylori+ (n)	974	16970	0.001
H. pylori- (n)	2864	56926
Male (n)	2287	45872	0.002
Female (n)	1551	28024
Age (years), mean ± SD	51.01 ± 11.95	43.61 ± 12.06	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (μmol/L), mean ± SD	13.1 ± 5.7	13.2 ± 5.5	0.627
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L), mean ± SD	3.8 ± 1.9	3.8 ± 2.4	0.665
Total bile acid (μmol/L), mean ± SD	4.7 ± 7.0	4.0 ± 5.3	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD	5.06 ± 0.99	5.00 ± 0.97	0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.98 ± 1.81	1.85 ± 1.84	< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.28 ± 0.27	1.32 ± 0.30	< 0.001
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD	2.89 ± 0.85	2.85 ± 0.82	0.002

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; H. pylori+: Helicobacter pylori-positive; H. pylori-: Helicobacter pylori-negative; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.