Comparing gastrointestinal dysfunction score and acute gastrointestinal injury grade for predicting short-term mortality in critically ill patients

Table 1 Characteristics of the patients according to 28-day mortality

Characteristics	All (n = 178)	Survivors (n = 93)	Non-survivors (n = 85)	Statistic	P value
Age, years	76.00 (67.00, 83.00)	75.00 (63.00, 83.00)	77.00 (68.00, 83.00)	Z = -1.23	0.218
Male, n (%)	108 (60.67)	55 (59.14)	53 (62.35)	χ² = 0.19	0.661
Pre-existing diseases
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	56 (31.46)	30 (32.26)	26 (30.59)	χ² = 0.06	0.811
Hyptertension, n (%)	95 (53.37)	46 (49.46)	49 (57.65)	χ² = 1.20	0.274
Coronary heart disease, n (%)	40 (22.47)	17 (18.28)	23 (27.06)	χ² = 1.96	0.161
Stroke, n (%)	25 (14.04)	16 (17.20)	9 (10.59)	χ² = 1.61	0.204
Principal pathology
Cardiovascular, n (%)	16 (8.99)	7 (7.53)	9 (10.59)	χ² = 0.51	0.476
Neurological, n (%)	16 (8.99)	10 (10.75)	6 (7.06)	χ² = 0.74	0.389
GI/pancreatic/liver, n (%)	23 (12.92)	14 (15.05)	9 (10.59)	χ² = 0.79	0.375
Pulmonary, n (%)	76 (42.70)	35 (37.63)	41 (48.24)	χ² = 2.04	0.153
Renal, n (%)	13 (7.30)	8 (8.60)	5 (5.88)	χ² = 0.49	0.486
Metabolic disorders, n (%)	6 (3.37)	3 (3.23)	3 (3.53)	χ² = 0.00	> 0.999
Heart rate1, beats/minute	98.47 ± 21.55	97.96 ± 21.65	99.02 ± 21.55	t= -0.33	0.743
C-reactive protein1, mg/L	64.63 (23.67, 138.11)	54.43 (18.23, 144.60)	82.74 (40.36, 132.42)	Z = -1.19	0.235
Glucose1, mmol/L	9.31 (7.08, 13.00)	8.97 (7.11, 12.10)	9.42 (7.00, 14.65)	Z = -0.48	0.629
Albumin1, g/L	28.20 (25.10, 32.03)	28.90 (25.80, 32.90)	27.20 (24.50, 29.30)	Z = -2.73	0.006
Serum lactate1, mmol/L	1.70 (1.20, 2.98)	1.60 (0.90, 2.40)	1.90 (1.30, 3.30)	Z = -2.36	0.018
Procalcitonin1, ng/mL	0.68 (0.20, 2.81)	0.58 (0.18, 3.35)	0.78 (0.29, 2.45)	Z = -0.89	0.373
Sepsis, n (%)	43 (24.16)	21 (22.58)	22 (25.88)	χ² = 0.26	0.607
Abdominal surgery, n (%)	25 (14.04)	16 (17.20)	9 (10.59)	χ² = 1.61	0.204
Acute kidney injure, n (%)	93 (52.25)	39 (41.94)	54 (63.53)	χ² = 8.30	0.004
Mechanical ventilation, n (%)	145 (81.46)	63 (67.74)	82 (96.47)	χ² = 24.27	< 0.001
Start EN within 48 hours, n (%)	138 (77.53)	73 (78.49)	65 (76.47)	χ² = 0.10	0.747
SOFA score2, points	7.00 (5.00, 11.00)	6.00 (4.00, 9.00)	9.00 (6.00, 11.00)	Z = -4.45	< 0.001
SOFA score3, points	11.00 (7.00, 15.00)	8.00 (6.00, 11.00)	14.00 (11.00, 16.00)	Z = -8.28	< 0.001
APACHE II score2, points	19.00 (15.00, 24.00)	18.00 (13.00, 22.00)	21.00 (16.00, 25.00)	Z = -2.38	0.017
APACHE II score3, points	22.00 (17.00, 28.00)	18.00 (14.00, 22.00)	26.00 (23.00, 32.00)	Z = -7.20	< 0.001
AGI grade3, grade	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	3.00 (2.00, 3.00)	Z = -6.85	< 0.001
GIDS2, points	1.00 (0.00, 1.00)	1.00 (0.00, 1.00)	1.00 (0.00, 1.00)	Z = -1.15	0.249
GIDS3, points	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	Z = -6.90	< 0.001

¹Assessed within the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission.

²Maximum values during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit admission.

³Maximum values during the first week of intensive care unit admission.

t: t-test; Z: Mann-Whitney test; χ²: Chi-square test. GI: Gastrointestinal; EN: Enteral nutrition; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AGI: Acute gastrointestinal injury; GIDS: Gastrointestinal dysfunction score.