Trypsin in pancreatitis: The culprit, a mediator, or epiphenomenon?

Table 2 Trypsinogen activation in experimental AP models: Representative studies

Experimental pancreatitis induced by	Trypsin activity measured in tissue or acinar cells (ex-vivo models)	Ref.
Cerulein	Rat pancreas	[21,28,53-55,58,59,62]
	Mouse pancreas	[60,62,74,88,112,135,143,201]
Taurocholate or TLCS	Rat pancreas	[56,61]
	Mouse pancreas	[68,70]
L-arginine	Rat pancreas	[65]
	Mouse pancreas	[66,78]
L-ornithine, L-lysine	Rat pancreas	[69,71]
CDE diet	Mouse pancreas	[51,52]
EtOH + low-dose cerulein	Mouse pancreas	[72]
EtOH + POA	Mouse pancreas	[73]
CCK/cerulein	Rat and mouse acinar cells	[21,24,64,74,129,131,136,143]
TLCS	Rat, mouse, and human acinar cells	[32,67,75]
EtOH + low-dose CCK	Rat and mouse acinar cells	[72,76]
NNK (tobacco compound)	Rat acinar cells	[75]
Agonist of the mechano receptor Piezzo1	Mouse acinar cells	[77]

TLCS: Taurolithocholic acid sulfate; CDE: Choline-deficient, ethionine supplemented (diet); EtOH: Ethanol; POA: Palmitoleic acid; CCK: Cholecystokinin; NNK: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.