Computed tomography-based multi-organ radiomics nomogram model for predicting the risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhosis

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients, n (%)

Characteristics	Training cohort (n = 145)	Validation cohort (n = 63)	P value
Age (years)	54.6 ± 11.6	54.3 ± 13.8	0.869
Sex			0.250
Male	82 (56.6)	41 (65.1)
Female	63 (43.4)	22 (34.9)
Etiology			0.112
HBV	95 (65.5)	44 (69.8)
Alcohol	18 (12.4)	1 (1.6)
PBC	9 (6.2)	4 (6.3)
AIH	5 (3.4)	1 (1.6)
HCV	2 (1.4)	2 (3.2)
HLD	2 (1.4)	1 (1.6)
Other	14 (9.7)	10 (15.9)
Ascites			0.624
Absent	66 (45.5)	31 (49.2)
Present	79 (54.5)	32 (50.8)
Hypertension			0.149
Absent	129 (89.0)	60 (95.2)
Present	16 (11.0)	3 (4.8)
PVT			0.175
Absent	118 (81.4)	46 (73)
Present	27 (18.6)	17 (27)
Child-Pugh			0.629
Class A	55 (37.9)	27 (42.9)
Class B	68 (46.9)	25 (39.7)
Class C	22 (15.2)	11 (17.5)
AFP (μg/L)			0.772
< 20	122 (84.1)	54 (85.7)
≥ 20	23 (15.9)	9 (14.3)
ALB (g/L), mean ± SD	34.5 ± 6.0	33.5 ± 6.0	0.271
PT (second), median (range)	16.1 (14.9-17.5)	15.8 (14.7-17.4)	0.480
PLT (109/L), median (range)	54.0 (41.0-73.5)	57.0 (43.0-84.0)	0.395
ALT (U/L), median (range)	28.0 (19.5-50.0)	31.0 (21.0-57.0)	0.362
AST (U/L), median (range)	42.0 (29.5-69.0)	45.0 (29.0-73.0)	0.754
GGT (U/L), median (range)	44.0 (24.0-97.5)	44.0 (24.0-97.0)	0.953
TBIL (μmol/L), median (range)	28.0 (20.4-44.1)	23.1 (18.3-43.9)	0.226
DBIL (μmol/L), median (range)	10.0 (6.9-16.4)	9.1 (6.4-16.8)	0.712
IBIL (μmol/L), median (range)	17.8 (11.7-27.3)	14.9 (10.3-22.5)	0.076

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HLD: Hepatolenticular degeneration; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Serum albumin; PT: Prothrombin time; PLT: Platelet count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Glutamyl transpeptidase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; IBIL: Indirect bilirubin.