Relationship among Parkinson’s disease, constipation, microbes, and microbiological therapy

Table 1 Correlation between Parkinson’s disease-related constipation and microorganisms and their metabolites

	Positive	Negative	Ref.
Microbial diversity	Alpha diversity		[93,100]
Gut microbiota	Dorea, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus plantarum subgroup, Bifidobacterium, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae	Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Enterobacteriaceae cluster, Atopobium cluster	[36,93,100,107,128]
Metabolites	p-cresol and its sulfated form, phenylacetylglutamine, xanthine, D-alanine, L-lactic acid, D-ribose, pantothenic acid. glycerolipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids	Butyrate, acetic acid	[93,128,123,126]
Enterotype	Firmicutes	Prevotella	[100]