Leech Poecilobdella manillensis protein extract ameliorated hyperuricemia by restoring gut microbiota dysregulation and affecting serum metabolites

Figure 6 Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract alters the plasma metabolites in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. A and B: Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots for normal control group (CON), hyperuricemia model group (HUA), and leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group (LTP) in positive and negative ion mode, respectively; C and D: Score plots and permutation tests of orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) between the HUA and CON groups; E and F: Score plots and permutation tests of OPLS-DA between the LTP and HUA groups; G: Volcano plot showing most significant metabolites identified by univariate analysis between the HUA and CON groups; H: Volcano plot showing most significant metabolites identified by univariate analysis between the LTP and HUA groups; I: Summary plot for pathway analysis of CON vs HUA; J: Summary plot for pathway analysis of LTP vs HUA, a pathways coexisted in both the microbiota and metabolome. CON: Normal control group; HUA: Hyperuricemia model group; LTP: Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; FC: Fold change.