Leech Poecilobdella manillensis protein extract ameliorated hyperuricemia by restoring gut microbiota dysregulation and affecting serum metabolites

Figure 3 Effect of leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract on epithelial tight junction proteins, evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A: Renal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) concentration level; B: Renal occludin concentration level; C: Jejunum ZO-1 concentration level; D: Jejunum occludin concentration level. Statistical significance determined by ANOVA is indicated as follows: ^aP < 0.05 vs hyperuricemia model group (HUA); ^bP < 0.01 vs HUA; ^cP < 0.001 vs HUA; ^dP < 0.05 vs normal control group (CON); ^fP < 0.001 vs CON. Sample sizes: Renal tissue n = 6 for each group; Jejunum tissue n = 4 for each group. CON: Normal control group; HUA: Hyperuricemia model group; AP: Allopurinol treatment group; LTP: Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1.