Leech Poecilobdella manillensis protein extract ameliorated hyperuricemia by restoring gut microbiota dysregulation and affecting serum metabolites

Figure 2 Effect of leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract on facilitating uric acid excretion, evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A: Renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) concentration level; B: Renal glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) concentration level; C: Renal ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) concentration level; D: Jejunum URAT1 concentration level; E: Jejunum GLUT9 concentration level; F: Jejunum ABCG2 concentration level. Statistical significance determined by ANOVA is indicated as follows: ^aP < 0.05 vs hyperuricemia model group (HUA); ^bP < 0.01 vs HUA; ^cP < 0.001 vs HUA; ^dP < 0.05 vs normal control group (CON); ^eP < 0.01 vs CON; ^fP < 0.001 vs CON. Sample sizes: Renal tissue n = 6 for each group; Jejunum tissue n = 4 for each group. CON: Normal control group; HUA: Hyperuricemia model group; AP: Allopurinol treatment group; LTP: Leech Poecilobdella manillensis total protein extract treatment group; URAT1: Urate transporter 1; GLUT9: Glucose transporter 9; ABCG2: ATP-binding cassette transporter G2.