Endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding for the treatment of grade II-III internal hemorrhoids: A prospective, multi-center, randomized study

Figure 3 Flowchart of patient inclusion, exclusion and intervention. During the study period, 217 patients with grade II or III internal hemorrhoids were enrolled. A total of 22 patients were excluded, 2 with ulcerative colitis (remission), 4 with malignant tumors, 1 with sicca syndrome, 3 over 60 years of age, 7 with colon polyps > 1 cm in diameter or at > 3 sites, and 5 who were lost to follow-up. The remaining patients were randomly assigned to endoscopic rubber band ligation (n = 97) or endoscopic foam sclerobanding (n = 98). EFSB: Endoscopic polidocanol foam sclerobanding; ERBL: Endoscopic rubber band ligation.