Is it necessary to stop glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists prior to endoscopic procedure? A retrospective study

Table 3 Summary of the studies assessing the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Ref.	Selected population	Type of study	Patients (n)	Endpoint	Significant results
Stark et al[12]	Patients undergoing EGD with the use of GLP-1 RA and patients without GLP-1 RA	Retrospective cohort study with matched controls	177	Odds of retained food documented during EGD and incidence of lavage and need for repeat EGD due to poor visualization	Food retention present in 6.8% in the GLP-1 group versus 1.7% in the control group, but it was not statistically significant [OR: 4.22 (95%CI: 0.87-20.34)]. None of the patients in the study required repeat EGD due to poor visualization
Kobori et al[29]	Patients with diabetes undergoing EGD with the use of GLP-1 RA and patients without GLP-1 RA	Matched pair case-control study	410	Assess the association between GLP-RA treatment and gastric residue in patient’s undergoing EGD	The proportion of gastric residue was significantly higher in the GLP-1 RA group when compared to the group without GLP-1 RA treatment (5.4% vs 0.49%; P = 0.004)
Silveira et al[30]	Patients with diabetes undergoing EGD with the use of GLP-1 RA and patients without GLP-1 RA	Single-center retrospective electronic chart review	404	To determine if the use of GLP-1 RA is associated with delayed gastric emptying and increased residual gastric content despite adequate pre-procedure fasting before EGD	The use of Semaglutide was associated with 5.15-fold increase in residual gastric content (24% vs 5.1%; P < 0.001). The presence of digestive symptoms was associated with increased residual gastric content [3.56 (95%CI: 2.2-5.78)]
Sherwin et al[11]	Volunteers who were taking Semaglutide for weight loss and volunteers who were not on Semaglutide	Prospective observational study	20	To evaluate the presence of gastric content using gastric ultrasound in patients taking GLP-1 RA compared with controls, after 8 hours of fasting	Patients using Semaglutide had solid gastric content in 70% of the cases in the supine position as compared to 10% in control (RR: 3.50; P = 0.02). In the lateral position solid content was found in 90% of the cases vs 20% in controls (RR: 7.36; P = 0.005)

EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GLP-1 RAs: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists; OR: Odds ratio; RR: Relative risk.