Yield of alarm features in predicting significant endoscopic findings among hospitalized patients with dyspepsia

Table 7 Five models presenting the correlation between alarm features and other variables found significant in our univariate analysis and significant endoscopic findings

Model	Variables	P value	OR	95%CI for OR
1	Dependent variable: Significant endoscopic finding
	Persistent vomiting	0.09	1.59	0.93	2.73
	Odynophagia	0.08	12.65	0.72	222.11
	UGIB	< 0.001	3.48	2.07	5.86
	Normocytic anemia	0.003	2.06	1.28	3.29
	Leukocytosis	0.02	1.83	1.11	3.04
	Low albumin	0.05	1.78	1.01	3.15
	Duration of symptoms	0.04	0.99	0.99	1.00
	Abnormal CT2	< 0.001	7.83	4.21	14.54
2	Dependent variable: Significant endoscopic finding (duration of symptoms not included)
	Persistent vomiting	0.03	1.75	1.05	2.91
	Odynophagia	0.07	7.81	0.85	72.07
	UGIB	< 0.001	3.22	1.97	5.27
	Normocytic anemia	< 0.001	2.36	1.51	3.69
	Leukocytosis	0.01	1.83	1.13	2.98
	Hypoalbuminemia	0.04	1.77	1.04	3.01
	Abnormal CT2	< 0.001	8.64	4.82	15.49
	Tachycardia	0.01	3.11	1.26	7.69
3	Dependent variable: Peptic ulcer disease
	Unexplained weight loss	0.009	0.31	0.13	0.75
	Persistent vomiting	0.04	1.92	1.05	3.75
	UGIB	< 0.001	3.81	2.22	6.52
	Normocytic anemia	< 0.001	3.12	1.77	5.48
	Leukocytosis	0.03	1.92	1.06	3.48
	Abnormal CT2	0.04	2.29	1.03	5.10
	tachycardia	0.03	2.85	1.14	7.17
4	Dependent variable: Erosive esophagitis class B or higher
	Odynophagia	0.004	21.03	2.69	164.31
	Anti-aggregate medications	0.01	3.94	1.37	11.33
	Leukocytosis	0.003	2.99	1.45	6.17
5	Dependent variable: Malignancy as an endoscopic finding
	Unexplained weight loss	0.07	2.05	0.95	4.41
	Abnormal CT2	< 0.001	39.68	11.81	133.33

¹We suggest that upper limit of 95% confidence interval for odds ratio of odynophagia is high unproportionate due to the small number of patients with odynophagia in comparison to the sample size. The rest of the models’ main dependent factor is each significant endoscopic finding with the above-mentioned variables.

²Abnormal contrast tomography is a variable we created which consists of contrast tomography showing suspected space-occupying lesion, lymphadenopathy or a metastatic disease.

The first model solely includes duration of symptoms as one of the variables. CI: Confidence interval; CT: Computed tomography; OR: Odds ratio; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding.