Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma: A new non-invasive model based on shear wave elastography

Table 1 The initial patient features of the experimental cohort were assessed, n (%)

Variable	All patients (n = 720)	Benign (n = 200)	Malignant (n = 520)	P value1
Clinical data
Age (years)	55.2 ± 12.0	54.6 ± 12.5	55.5 ± 11.8	0.353
Sex (%)				0.423
Men	572 (79.4)	155 (77.5)	417 (80.2)
Women	148 (20.6)	45 (22.5)	103 (19.8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 3.3	23.9 ± 3.2	24.0 ± 3.4	0.678
Nationality (%)				0.361
Han nationality	698 (96.9)	192 (96)	506 (97.3)
Not Han nationality	22 (3.1)	8 (4)	14 (2.7)
History of tumor (%)				0.210
Yes	62 (8.6)	13 (6.5)	49 (9.4)
No	658 (91.4)	187 (93.5)	471 (90.6)
Laboratory data
ALT (IU/L)	44.6 ± 105.4	37.8 ± 60.3	47.2 ± 118.2	0.284
AST (IU/L)	41.5 ± 100.5	34.8 ± 62.1	44 ± 111.8	0.269
GGT (IU/L)	83.9 ± 126.4	75.1 ± 139.3	87.4 ± 121.0	0.243
Prothrombin time (s)	12.1 ± 3.1	11.9 ± 1.2	12.2 ± 3.6	0.356
INR	1.0 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.5	0.372
PLT (109/L)	182.1 ± 73.2	207.4 ± 73.7	172.4 ± 70.7	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L)	41.3 ± 4.1	41.3 ± 4.9	41.4 ± 3.8	0.780
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	67.6 ± 5.3	67.5 ± 5.5	67.7 ± 5.3	0.638
Ultrasonic data				0.008
Single	562 (78.1)	143 (71.5)	419 (80.6)
Multiple	158 (21.9)	57 (28.5)	101 (19.4)
Diameter (cm)	5.3 ± 3.0	5.2 ± 3.5	5.3 ± 2.8	0.629
Shape (%)				0.102
Roundness	363 (50.4)	91 (45.5)	272 (52.3)
Ellipse	357 (49.6)	109 (54.5)	248 (47.7)
Echo (%)				0.064
Hypoecho	236 (32.8)	76 (38.0)	160 (30.8)
Hyperecho	484 (67.2)	124 (62.0)	360 (69.2)
Edge (%)				0.010
Smooth	398 (55.3)	126 (74.4)	272 (52.3)
Coarse	322 (44.7)	74 (25.6)	248 (47.7)
Cirrhosis (%)				< 0.001
Yes	239 (33.2)	35 (17.5)	204 (39.2)
No	481 (66.8)	165 (82.5)	316 (60.8)
Blood (%)				< 0.001
Yes	462 (64.2)	97 (48.5)	365 (70.2)
No	258 (35.8)	103 (51.5)	155 (29.8)
Emax of the tumors (m/s)	2.4 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 1.1	< 0.001
Emean of the tumors (m/s)	1.8 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.5	< 0.001
Emax of the periphery of tumors (m/s)	1.6 ± 1.0	1.3 ± 0.4	1.7 ± 1.2	< 0.001
Emean of the periphery of tumors (m/s)	1.5 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.7	< 0.001

¹P value for comparisons between benign cohort and malignant cohort.

The data enclosed between parenthesis represents the intervals of confidence at 95%. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: G-glutamyl transferase; PLT: Platelet count; Emax: Maximal elasticity; Emean: Mean elasticity.