Preclinical and clinical evidence of the association of colibactin-producing Escherichia coli with anxiety and depression in colon cancer

Figure 1 Experimental workflow of the preclinical models used in this study. Wild-type or adenomatous polyposis coli^{multiple intestinal neoplasia/+} mice were chronically infected with the 11G5 CoPEC strain (10⁹ bacteria per mouse) at D0 after pre-streptomycin treatment (from D-4 to D-1). Colonic low-grade inflammation was measured at D7 and D15. Elevated plus maze, Phenotyper and forced swimming test were performed at D15, D20 and D35 respectively. SPF: Specific pathogen free; CoPEC: Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli; EPM: Elevated plus maze; FST: Forced Swimming Test (Created with BioRender.com, Supplementary material).