Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 2 All-cause and non-coronavirus disease 2019--related age-standardized mortality rates in United States adults with inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease overall and by age, gender, and race/ethnicity from 2006-2021

		2006	2019	2020				2021
				Observed all-cause	Predicted (95%CI)	Observed non-COVID	Increase (%)1	Observed all-cause	Predicted (95%CI)	Observed non-COVID	Increase (%)1
	IBD	1.35	1.47	1.68	1.37 (1.26-1.49)	1.55	13.14	1.81	1.38 (1.26-1.49)	1.63	18.12
	UC	0.51	0.59	0.68	0.55 (0.49-0.60)	0.61	10.91	0.73	0.55 (0.50-0.60)	0.65	18.18
	CD	0.84	0.89	1.01	0.91 (0.81-1.02)	0.95	4.40	1.09	0.97 (0.82-1.12)	0.99	2.06
Age
25-64 yr	IBD	0.53	0.59	0.68	0.61 (0.55-0.66)	0.65	6.56	0.71	0.64 (0.57-0.72)	0.64	0.00
	UC	0.14	0.19	0.21	0.17 (0.15-0.19)	0.20	17.65	0.21	0.17 (0.15-0.19)	0.18	5.88
	CD	0.39	0.41	0.47	0.42 (0.37-0.47)	0.46	9.52	0.50	0.45 (0.38-0.52)	0.46	2.22
≥ 65 yr	IBD	4.69	5.03	5.76	4.95 (4.49-5.40)	5.23	5.66	6.28	5.07 (4.54-5.60)	5.67	11.83
	UC	2.02	2.21	2.59	2.3 (2.01-2.58)	2.31	0.43	2.81	2.45 (2.04-2.86)	2.53	3.27
	CD	2.67	2.83	3.20	2.79 (2.46-3.12)	2.95	5.73	3.48	2.87 (2.49-3.25)	3.15	9.76
Sex
Female	IBD	1.28	1.38	1.61	1.42 (1.24-1.61)	1.48	4.23	1.76	1.51 (1.25-1.78)	1.59	5.30
	UC	0.43	0.50	0.60	0.53 (0.44-0.61)	0.54	1.89	0.68	0.57 (0.44-0.70)	0.60	5.26
	CD	0.85	0.88	1.02	0.9 (0.78-1.02)	0.95	5.56	1.09	0.94 (0.76-1.12)	0.99	5.32
Male	IBD	1.44	1.58	1.76	1.63 (1.49-1.76)	1.63	0.00	1.87	1.73 (1.54-1.92)	1.68	-2.89
	UC	0.62	0.70	0.76	0.68 (0.62-0.75)	0.70	2.94	0.78	0.7 (0.63-0.78)	0.69	-1.43
	CD	0.83	0.89	1.00	0.93 (0.83-1.04)	0.94	1.08	1.10	1.01 (0.86-1.16)	0.99	-1.98
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	UC	0.57	0.68	0.79	0.71 (0.63-0.78)	0.71	0.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	CD	0.96	1.08	1.22	1.12 (0.99-1.25)	1.15	2.68	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Non-Hispanic black	UC	0.24	0.36	0.42	0.41 (0.29-0.52)	0.39	-4.88	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	CD	0.57	0.58	0.81	0.55 (0.41-0.70)	0.75	36.36	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hispanic	UC	0.36	0.23	0.30	0.23 (0.07-0.38)	0.26	13.04	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	CD	0.22	0.24	0.30	0.27 (0.08-0.47)	0.27	0.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

¹Increase (%) represents the percent of increase from predicted to observed non-coronavirus disease 2019-related age-standardized mortality rate.

Age-standardized mortality rate (per 100000 persons). All-cause represents coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-19-related. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CI: Confidence interval; N/A: Not applicable.