Present and future of new systemic therapies for early and intermediate stages of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Summary of key characteristics of ongoing clinical trials for early- and intermediate-stage systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Trial number (phase)	Treatment	Clinical condition	Patients included
NCT03510871 (II)	Nivolumab + ipilimumab	Surgical NeAd	Potentially resectable HCC with high-risk recurrence
NCT048 50040 (II)	Camrelizumab + apatinib + oxaliplatine	Surgical NeAd	Potentially resectable HCC with high-risk recurrence
NCT03578874 (II)	Sorafenib + capecitabine + oxaliplatine	Surgical NeAd	Unilobar no potentially curative HCC
NCT04174781 (II)	Sintilimab + TACE	Surgical NeAd	Unresectable HCC stage A/B BCLC
NCT01507064 (II)	Sorafenib + laser ablation vs laser ablation	Surgical NeAd	Unresectable HCC with single > 4 cm nodule
NCT04857684 (I)	Atezolizumab + bevacizumab + radiotherapy	Surgical NeAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04888546 (Ib)	Anlotinib + TQB2450 (PDL1 antibody)	Surgical NeAd	Potentially resectable HCC with high-risk recurrence
NCT04721132 (II)	Atezolizumab + bevacizumab	Surgical NeAd	Resectable HCC
NCT03847428 (III)	Durvalumab + bevacizumab	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative HCC (resection/ablation)
NCT03383458 (III)	Nivolumab	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative HCC (resection/ablation)
NCT03867084 (III)	Pembrolizumab	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative HCC (resection/ablation)
NCT04639180 (III)	Camrelizumab + apatinib	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative HCC (resection/ablation)
NCT05367687 (II)	Camrelizumab + apatinib vs camrelizumab	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative HCC (resection/ablation)
NCT05545124 (II)	Donafenib + tislelizumab	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative resection HCC
NCT05407519 (II)	Tislelizumab + sitravatinib	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative resection HCC
NCT04418401 (I)	Donafenib + anti-PD-1 antibody	Surgical Ad	Potentially curative resection HCC
NCT0544086 (II)	Tremelimumab NeAd + durvalumab Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT03630640 (II)	Nivolumab NeAd + nivolumab Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04727307 (II)	Atezolizumab NeAdAd + bevacizumab Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Ablation of HCC
NCT04930315 (II)	Camrelizumab NeAdAd + apatinib Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04834986 (II)	Tislelizumab NeAd + lenvatinib NeAdAd	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04658147 (I)	Nivolumab NeAdAd vs nivolumab NeAdAd + relatlimab NeAdAd	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT05185739 (II)	Pembrolizumab NeAdAd + lenvatinib Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT03867370 (Ib/II)	Toripalimab NeAdAd + lenvatinib NeAdAd	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04615143 (II)	Tislelizumab NeAdAd + lenvatinib NeAdAd	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04954339 (II)	Atezolizumab NeAdAd + bevacizumab NeAdAd	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04521153 (II)	Camrelizumab NeAd + TACE + camrelizumab Ad + apatinib Ad	Surgical NeAdAd	Resectable HCC
NCT04425226 (UK)	Pembrolizumab + lenvatinib	NeAd LTD	Unresectable HCC
NCT04035876 (UK)	Camrelizumab + apatinib	NeAd LTD	Unresectable HCC

NeAd: Neoadjuvant; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; Ad: Adjuvant; NeAdAd: Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant; UK: Unknown; LTD: Liver transplantation downstaging; PDL1: Programmed death-ligand 1; PD1: Programmed cell death protein 1.