Urgent one-stage endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis related moderate to severe acute cholangitis: A propensity score-matched analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures

	Before matching				After matching
	Total, n = 254	ERCP ≤ 24 h, n = 102	ERCP > 24 h, n = 152	P value	Total, n = 186	ERCP ≤ 24 h, n = 93	ERCP > 24 h, n = 93	P value
Age, yr	69.47 ± 15.81	70.73 ± 15.24	68.63 ± 16.18	0.362	70.32 ± 15.39	71.05 ± 15.26	69.58 ± 15.56	0.515
Male sex, n (%)	121 (47.6)	58 (56.9)	63 (41.4)	0.016	94 (50.5)	54 (58.1)	40 (43)	0.04
CCI	1 (0-7)	1 (0-5)	1 (0-7)	0.108	1 (0-7)	1 (0-3)	1 (0-7)	0.187
Past medical history
ERCP, n (%)	30 (11.8)	13 (12.7)	17 (11.2)	0.706	22 (11.8)	13 (14)	9 (9.7)	0.364
Cholecystectomy, n (%)	67 (26.4)	27 (26.5)	40 (26.3)	0.978	44 (23.7)	22 (23.7)	22 (23.7)	1
Lab values
WBC count as/μL	10.32 ± 6.71	12.57 ± 6.61	8.81 ± 6.37	< 0.001	10.58 ± 7.03	12.11 ± 6.44	9.06 ± 7.3	0.003
Platelet count as/μL	173.96 ± 71.08	164.21 ± 73.35	180.5 ± 68.99	0.594	168.11 ± 71.33	164.85 ± 74.65	171.38 ± 68.09	0.534
CRP in mg/L	75.17 ± 76.03	94.9 ± 79.32	61.75 ± 70.95	< 0.001	78.53 ± 76.6	89.66 ± 76.37	76.37 ± 75.75	0.079
NLR (%)	7.94 (0.81-106.31)	15.67 (1.36-106.31)	6.9 (0.805-64.13)	< 0.001	18.545 (2.55-64.13)	19.87 (11.2)	16.42 (2.55-64.13)	< 0.001
INR	1.2 ± 0.22	1.23 ± 0.97	1.14 ± 0.92	< 0.001	1.21 ± 0.23	1.25 ± 0.27	1.17 ± 0.17	0.012
D2 polymers	657 (0.21-26652)	1567 (76-26652)	504 (0.38-15502)	< 0.001	1193.5 (479-15502)	1455 (479-4811)	832 (504-15502)	0.005
Creatinine in mg/dL	0.826 (0.34-8.32)	1.01 (0.34-5.86)	0.76 (0.44-8.32)	< 0.001	1.10 (0.77-5.86)	1.15 (0.77-5.86)	1.02 (0.79-3.1)	0.013
TB in mg/dL	2.61 (0.28-22.52)	3.7 (0.29-15.02)	2.14 (0.28-22.52)	0.021	3.58 ± 2.98	3.78 ± 2.8	3.38 ± 3.14	0.363
AST in U/L	108.5 (13-4051)	128.5 (13-744)	104 (15-4051)	0.168	118 (40-539)	131 (40-497)	116 (46-539)	0.53
ALT in U/L	201.68 ± 206.61	196.67 ± 173.10	205.03 ± 226.84	0.652	222 (68-512)	259 (68-512)	209 (88-479)	0.55
γ-GT in U/L	406.66 ± 354.98	425.8 ± 376.89	393.82 ± 340.16	0.463	383.61 ± 332.61	405.97 ± 347.74	361.25 ± 361.25	0.361
Albumin in g/dL	35.8 (15.9-46.6)	35.9 (15.9-48.7)	37.8 (25.1-49.1)	0.033	33.7 (24.3-36.1)	32.6 (24.3-35.7)	33.8 (25.4-36.1)	0.163
Tokyo Score
3	48 (28)	39 (38.2)	32 (21.1)	0.003	58 (31.2)	35 (37.6)	23 (24.7)	0.058
2	206 (72)	63 (61.8)	120 (78.9)		128 (68.8)	58 (62.4)	70 (75.3)
ERCP procedure
Door to ERCP time in h	48 (1-312)	8.5 (1-24)	120 (27-312)	< 0.001	25.5 (1-312)	9 (1-24)	120 (27-312)	< 0.001
ERCP procedure time (min)	60 (25-780)	60 (30-200)	60 (30-335)	0.714	60 (26-780)	60 (30-200)	60 (30-335)	0.52
One-stage ERCP, n (%)	254 (100)	102 (100)	152 (100)	1	186 (100)	93 (100)	93 (100)	1
CBD, n (%)	254 (100)	102 (100)	152 (100)	1	186 (100)	93 (100)	93 (100)	1
Stones size (mm)	8 (2-25)	9 (2-25)	8 (2-25)	0.222	8 (2-25)	9 (2-25)	8 (2-25)	0.368
Multiple stones, n (%)	109 (42.9)	35 (34.3)	74 (48.7)	0.023	79 (42.5)	32 (34.4)	47 (50.5)	0.026
Common bile duct width (mm)	13 (4-33)	14 (4-33)	14 (5-33)	0.016	13 (4-33)	13 (4-33)	12.1 (5-25)	0.038
EST, n (%)	177 (69.7)	75 (73.5)	102 (67.1)	0.275	128 (68.8)	69 (74.2)	59 (63.4)	0.113
EPBD, n (%)	204 (80.3)	90 (88.2)	114 (75)	0.009	149 (80.1)	83 (89.2)	66 (71)	0.002
Pancreatic stent placement, n (%)	21 (8.3)	5 (4.9)	16 (10.5)	0.111	15 (8.1)	5 (5.4)	10 (10.8)	0.178
Nasal Biliary Drainage Catheter placement, n (%)	251 (98.8)	100 (98)	151 (99.3)	0.346	183 (98.4)	91 (97.8)	92 (98.9)	0.561
HLL, n (%)	21 (8.3)	11 (10.8)	10 (6.6)	0.233	16 (8.6)	11 (11.8)	5 (5.4)	0.117

SMD: Standardized mean difference; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; INR: International normalized ratio; TB: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; CBD: Common bile duct stones; LC-IntraERCP: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; HLL: Holmium Laser Lithotripsy.