Silent information regulator sirtuin 1 ameliorates acute liver failure via the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis

Figure 1 Ferroptosis and pyroptosis occur in human acute liver failure. A: The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were changed in serum samples of healthy individuals and patients with acute liver failure (ALF) (n = 30 in each group); B: Iron staining (scale bar: 100 µm and 33.3 µm) of normal liver tissue and ALF liver tissue; C: Detection of iron in normal liver tissue and ALF; D: Western blot analyses of glutathione peroxidase 4, solute carrier family 7a member 11, p53, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 proteins were performed in healthy individuals and patients with ALF. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; E: Western blot analysis of gasdermin D protein expression (n = 3); F: Western blot analysis of silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and Ac-p53 protein expression in healthy individuals and patients with ALF (n = 3). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. ALF: Acute liver failure; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; IL: Interleukin; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7a member 11; ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; GSDMD: Gasdermin D; SIRT1: Silent information regulator sirtuin 1.